Communication confusion in the satellites!!!

Why uplink and downlink frequencies differ in satellite communication?

Maybe the frequency variations depend on the energy from the transmitter and receiver...

May be your right but not exactly.....

This ambiguity lies in the power budget of the corresponding systems and atmospheric effects have also impact it.

We know from the plank's law of radiation that the energy of a particular wave is directly proportional to its frequency.

But microwave frequencies have a severe effect with the increased frequency, i.e more attenuation occurs by interacting with the external bodies(ex. Microwave oven 2.45Ghz).
In satellite communication uplink refers to the link from the ground communication equipment to the satellite. Typically it's of 16Ghz in the C band.

This is why because if the uplink frequency is less, due to its less energy it gets reflected back by the Ionosphere. If the energy is more (i.e high frequency). It can run through the ionosphere And reaches the satellite.

From the satellite perspective, power budgeting is quite essential, to sustain the communication link with the ground station, and its main power source is the sun. Thus the transmitted frequency by the satellite is nominally is less than that of the ground sending signal.

That's the reason why uplink frequencies and downlink frequencies are different...

More likely to say downlink frequencies are less, in comparison with the uplink frequencies.

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